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马尔代夫的贫困与不平等
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在世界各地，各国使用多种贫困衡量方法。一种用于衡量贫困的常用方法是基于消费水平-如果一个人的消费水平低于满足基本需求所必需的最低水平，则该人被视为贫困。因此，本说明旨在简要地介绍使用相对贫困线衡量马尔代夫贫困的方法框架，并介绍在马尔代夫背景下应用贫困概念的结果。就本说明而言，贫困是指明显的福祉匮乏，其定义是家庭或个人是否有足够的资源或能力来满足其需求。
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马尔代夫的贫困与不平等 INTRODUCTION Around the world， countries use a wide variety of poverty measurement methodologies. Given the multitude of concepts， the purpose of this chapter is to summarize key elements of poverty measurement in the Maldives and to provide an overview of welfare of Maldivians. One of the main objectives of the Household Income and Expenditures Survey （HIES） is to provide information on welfare and living standards and their distribution over households. Of particular importance is the measurement and tracking of welfare amongst the poorest segments of the population， and HIES survey data provide the principal means for estimating the extent and severity of poverty in the Maldives. A common method used to measure poverty is based on levels of consumption-a person is considered poor if his or her consumption level falls below some minimum level necessary to meet basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the "poverty line". What is necessary to satisfy basic needs varies across time and countries. Therefore， poverty lines vary in time and across countries， and each country uses lines which are appropriate to its level of development， societal norms and values. Poverty is not easy to define and different definitions exist. A broader approach refers to poverty as a state in which individuals' capabilities are unacceptably low as viewed by society （Sen， 1992）. 【更多详情，请下载：马尔代夫的贫困与不平等】
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