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加速非洲减贫
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撒哈拉以南非洲在过去几十年中的转变是戏剧性的。经过多年的衰退,非洲大陆的经济在1990年代中期开始复苏。随着宏观经济的增长,人们变得更健康,更多的年轻人上学,赤贫率从1990年的54%下降到2015年的41%。政治和社会自由得到扩大,性别平等得以发展。该地区的冲突也平息了,尽管它在某些国家仍然夺去了数千平民的生命,并仍在驱使越来越多的流离失所者。尽管非洲取得了广泛的经济和社会福利成就,但该地区的挑战仍然令人生畏:近年来,经济增长放缓。许多国家的贫困率是世界上最高的。尤其是 由于人口增长,非洲的贫困人数正在增加。从全球的角度来看,贫困的最大集中地已经从南亚转移到了非洲。加快非洲减贫工作探索关键的政策切入点,以解决贫困的人口,社会和政治驱动因素;改善农场内外的创收机会;更好地为穷人调动资源。超越宏观经济的稳定和增长(这些目标的关键但不足)的问题,不禁要问:还有什么可以做的,决策者应该在哪里集中精力来加速减贫。在这方面提出的有利于穷人的政策议程不仅需要在穷人工作和生活的地方实现经济增长,而且还需要减轻非洲家庭所面临的许多风险。因此,该报告将“工作”作为任务。它侧重于穷人和弱势群体的生产力和生计,即增加其收入所需要采取的措施。最后,它提出了为贫困与发展议程供资的路线图。
详情描述
加速非洲减贫 Our goal is a world free of poverty. To get there, we must accelerate poverty reduction in Africa. Although the share of Africa's population living in extreme poverty has come down substan- tially, from 54 percent in 1990 to 41 percent in 2015, more Africans are living in poverty today than in 1990, in part because of pop- ulation growth. In fact, the world's poor are increasingly concentrated in Africa. Tackling this challenge begins with being able to measure it robustly. Following Poverty in a Rising Africa- -the precursor to this report, which mapped the data land- scape -efforts to improve Africa's poverty data are starting to pay off. More and better household surveys are now available to track and analyze poverty. And Africa's Statistical Capacity Indicator- -which grades country statistical systems on the quality, frequency, and timeliness of core economic and social data -has been improving. The key features of Africa's poverty, and its causes, have been widely documented. But some of the challenges, such as cli- mate change, fragility, and debt pressures, are gaining in importance. And although macroeconomic stability and growth are critical components for reducing poverty and improving well-being, they are not sufficient. 【更多详情,请下载:加速非洲减贫】
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